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T
A type of immune system cell which is damaged in the course of HIV infection. CD4 and CD8 cells are both sub-types of T cell.
T helper cells
T cells that alert the immune system to produce cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a specific infection.
TB
Short for Tuberculosis.
teratogenic
(te-rat-o-gen-ick)
Causing physical defects in the foetus.
therapeutic vaccine
(the-rup-you-tick vax-zine)
A vaccine-like product used with the aim of improving the immune function of someone who already has an infection, rather than of preventing the infection.
thrombocytopenia
(throm-bow-sy-to-pee-nee-uh)
A decreased number of specific cells in the blood responsible for blood clotting.
thrush
A fungal infection of the mouth, throat or genitals, marked by white patches. Also called candidiasis.
thymus
A gland in the chest where T cells produced in the bone marrow mature into effective immune system components.
tid
tid
Abbreviation of a Latin term meaning three times a day.
titre
(ty-tra)
A laboratory measurement of the amount, or concentration, of a given component in solution.
tiw
Abbreviation of a Latin term meaning three times a week.
tonsils
Two oval lymph node-like structures situated where the mouth joins the throat.
topical
(top-i-kull)
Applied directly to the affected area, as opposed to systemic.
toxicity
(tocks-i-city)
The extent or ways in which a drug is poisonous to the body.
toxin
(tock-sin)
A poisonous substance.
toxoplasmosis
(tock-so-plaz-mo-siss)
A disease due to infection with the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii, usually causing inflammation of the brain.
transaminase
(trans-am-in-ayze)
An enzyme that can be measured in a blood sample that indicates the health of the liver.
triglycerides
(try-gliss-er-ides)
The basic 'building blocks' from which fats are formed.
trough level
(troff le-vull)
The lowest point to which levels of a drug fall in the blood between doses.
tuberculosis
(chew-bur-queue-low-siss)
A disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
tumour
(chew-ma)
Growth of tissues that perform no useful function, sometimes due to cancer.