Another possible strategy involves starting with a highly potent combination regimen for the first six to twelve months (the induction regimen), then subtracting some of the drugs once most of the virus population has been eliminated (the maintenance regimen).

In some patients - especially those starting treatment for this first time - once viral load has been brought down to an undetectable level, a less intensive regimen may keep HIV under control over the long term. If the maintenance regimen is not potent enough, however, there is a risk that the virus could bounce back, known as viral ‘breakthrough’ or ‘rebound’.

For further information on induction and maintenance therapy, see Changing HIV Therapy.