14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Los Angeles - February 25-28, 2007

• CROI: high burden of side-effects from d4T leads to WHO dose reduction recommendation
• CROI: ART: Helpful or harmful to kidney function?
• CROI: TB in HIV patients in UK highest amongst black Africans and those with low CD4 cell count
• CROI: Is tenofovir causing kidney problems?
• CROI: Is there a ceiling to CD4 recovery on virologically effective therapy?
• CROI: Remission of Kaposi's sarcoma seen in rural Uganda when HIV treatment given
• CROI: Treatment changes and breaks occur at high rate in Ugandan HIV patients
• CROI: High dietary fat and cholesterol contribute to serum lipid levels in people with HIV
• CROI: High rate of virologic failure on once-daily combination of 3TC, tenofovir and nevirapine
• CROI: Therapeutic concentrations of efavirenz, <i>Kaletra</i>, could be difficult to achieve in some children, with or without rifampicin
• CROI: Use of both cotrimoxazole and insecticide-treated bednets dramatically lowers the risk of malaria in HIV-positive children
• CROI: Experimental 'salvage' integrase inhibitor, elvitegravir (GS-9137) appears potent at higher doses
• CROI: Large Zambian study finds early abrupt weaning of HIV-exposed infants does not improve HIV-free survival
• CROI: Aciclovir therapy for women with HIV and herpes produces modest reductions in genital viral load
• CROI: Four African studies suggest health risks associated with abrupt and early weaning of HIV-exposed infants
• CROI: Circumcision could particularly benefit higher-risk men
• CROI: Smoking increases cancer-associated HPV viral load
• CROI: SMART substudy finds people on treatment less likely to transmit HIV, and may take fewer risks
• CROI: HIV testing in New York's bath houses is feasible and reaches men missed by traditional prevention
• CROI: New NNRTI, TMC278, demonstrates sustained potency, better CNS and lipid profile than efavirenz, in treatment-naive
• CROI: Haiti is the source of HIV subtype B
• CROI: Recent OIs or AIDS strongest predictors of development of resistance in South African first-line failures
• CROI: Once daily <i>Kaletra</i> may be less effective when viral load above 100,000 copies/ml
• CROI: <i>Rate</i> of CD4 decline is a poor guide to the risk of AIDS, say investigators
• CROI: Effects of transmitted drug resistance on viral load are drug class specific
• CROI: Sexual transmission of HCV not limited to HIV-positive gay men
• CROI: Further evidence that short-course PMTCT prophylaxis compromises mother's future treatment
• CROI: Ugandan study confirms low CD4 count, low body weight, TB and anaemia major risk factors for death after starting ART
• CROI: Anti-HBV drug entecavir also active against HIV and promotes antiretroviral resistance
• CROI: <i>Kaletra</i> less likely to cause fat loss than efavirenz when paired with NRTIs
• CROI: Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis reduces risk of death by 41% during first six months of ART
• CROI: Maraviroc shows potent effect in highly treatment-experienced
• CROI: Microbicide failure poses more questions than answers
• CROI: Integrase inhibitor raltegravir (MK-0518) doubles HIV suppression in treatment-experienced patients at 16 weeks
• CROI: HIV treatment should not be delayed in TB patients with low CD4 counts, South African study shows
• CROI: Non-AIDS malignancies now more common than AIDS-defining cancers in people with HIV
• CROI: Women infected with HIV subtype D progress faster despite same viral load
• CROI: MSF reports good responses on PI-based second-line ART regimens even though switch from failing regimens comes late
• CROI: Growth hormone stimulant TH9507 safe and effective in HIV lipodystrophy
• CROI: Alendronate effectively treats bone loss in men and women with HIV
• CROI: Tenofovir microbicide stops rectal infection in monkeys better than PrEP
• CROI: SMART analysis reveals slightly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in people who interrupt therapy
• CROI: Lower CD4 count on HIV treatment predicts higher risk of cancers, liver, kidney, cardiovascular disease
• CROI: Efavirenz-based ART more effective than nevirapine-based ART as first-line therapy in Southern Africa
• CROI: Urgent action needed to avert `catastrophic` drug-resistant TB epidemic