Aberg JA et al. Eradication of AIDS-related disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection after 12 months of antimycobacterial therapy combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases 178(5): 1446-1449, 1998.

Aberg JA et al. Localized osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 35(1):E8-E13, 2002.

Abrams DI et al. Clofazimine as prophylaxis for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in AIDS. Journal of Infectious Diseases 167: 1459-1463, 1993.

Anwar D et al. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease (DMAC): environmental risk factors in persons with HIV infection. 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, abstract I-133, 1998.

Benson CA et al. Treatment of AIDS-related disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease (DMAC) with a multiple drug regimen including amikacin. Clinical Infectious Diseases 18: S237-242, 1994.

Benson CA et al. Clarithromycin or rifabutin alone or in combination for primary prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with AIDS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group 196/Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS 009 Protocol Team. Journal of Infectious Diseases 181(4): 1289-1297, 2000.

Bermudez LE et al. Ethanol augments intracellular survival of MAC and impairs macrophage responses to cytokines. Journal of Infectious Diseases 163: 1286-1292, 1991.

Bishai WR. Brief report: Rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in a patient receiving rifabutin prophylaxis. New England Journal of Medicine 334: 1573-1576, 1996.

Chaisson RE et al. Clarithromycin therapy for bacteremic Mycobacterium avium complex disease. Annals of Internal Medicine 121: 905-911, 1994.

Chaisson RE et al. Clarithromycin and ethambutol with or without clofazimine for the treatment of bacteremic Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with HIV infection. AIDS 11(3): 311-317, 1997.

Chin DP et al. Mycobacterium avium complex in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract and the risk of M. avium complex bacteremia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 169(2): 289, 1994.

Chiu J et al. Treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in AIDS with amikacin, ethambutol, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin. Annals of Internal Medicine 113(5): 358-361, 1990.

Cohn DL et al. A prospective randomized trial of four three-drug regimens in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in AIDS patients: excess mortality associated with high-dose clarithromycin. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. Clinical Infectious Diseases 29(1): 125-133, 1999.

Currier JS et al. Discontinuation of Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis in patients with antiretroviral therapy-induced increases in CD4+ cell count. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 362 Study Team. Annals of Internal Medicine 133(7): 493-503, 2000.

Dautzenberg B et al. Activity of clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium infection in patients with AIDS. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 144; 564-569, 1991.

Dautzenberg B et al. Clarithromycin and other antimicrobial agents in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Archives of Internal Medicine 153: 368-372, 1993.

Dautzenberg B et al. Rifabutin versus placebo in combination with three drugs in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with AIDS. Clinical Infectious Diseases 22(4): 705-708, 1996.

De Wit S et al. ENTA 10: a randomized double blind placebo control study of rifabutin prophylaxis and early diagnosis of tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteriosis in Europe. Fourth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, abstract 292, 1998.

Dube M et al. A randomized evaluation of ethambutol for prevention of relapse and drug resistance during treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia with clarithromycin-based combination therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases 176: 1225-1232, 1997.

Dunne MW et al. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing azithromycin and clarithromycin in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases 31(5): 1245-1252, 2000.

El Sadr WM et al. Discontinuation of prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex disease in HIV-infected patients who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. New England Journal of Medicine 342(15): 1085-1092, 2000.

Furrer K et al. Discontinuing or withholding primary prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium in patients on successful antiretroviral therapy. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. AIDS 14: 1409-1412, 2000.

Gill J et al. Discontinuation of Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis in patients with a rise in CD4 cell count following highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 12(6): 680, 1998.

Hafner R et al. Correlation of quantitative bone marrow and blood cultures in AIDS patients with disseminated Mycobacerium avium complex infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 180(2): 438-447, 1999.

Hassell M et al. Mycobacterium avium infection and immune restoration disease after highly active antiretroviral therapy in a patient with HIV and normal CD4+ counts. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 20(12): 889-891, 2001.

Havlir DV et al. Prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex with weekly azithromycin, daily rifabutin, or both. New England Journal of Medicine 335(6): 392-398, 1996.

Hewitt RG et al. Prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection with reduced dose clarithromycin in patients with advanced HIV disease. AIDS 13(11): 1367-1372, 1999.

Holland SM et al. Treatment of refractory disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection with interferon gamma. A preliminary report. New England Journal of Medicine 330(19): 1348-1355, 1994.

Horsburgh CR et al. Survival of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection with and without antimycobacterial chemotherapy. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 144(3): 557-559, 1991.

Horsburgh CR et al. Environmental risk factors for acquisition of Mycobacterium avium complex in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 170(2): 362-367, 1994.

Hoy J et al. Quadruple-drug therapy for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare bacteremia in AIDS patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases 161: 801-805, 1990.

Ives DV et al. Impact of clarithromycin and azithromycin on patterns of treatment and survival among AIDS patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex. AIDS 9: 261-266, 1995.

Ives NJ et al. The changing pattern of AIDS-defining illnesses with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)in a London clinic. Journal of Infection 42(2): 134-139, 2001.

Jacobson MA et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of rifampin, ethambutol and ciprofloxacin for AIDS patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168(7): 112-119, 1993.

Kemper CA et al. Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in AIDS with a four-drug oral regimen. Annals of Internal Medicine 116: 466-472, 1992.

Kemper CA et al. The individual microbiologic effect of three antimycobacterial agents, clofazimine, ethambutol, and rifampin, on Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in patients with AIDS. Journal of Infectious Diseases 170: 157-164, 1994.

Kemper CA et al. Transient bacteremia due to Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with AIDS. Journal of Infectious Diseases 170(2): 488-493, 1994b.

Kirk O et al. Safe interruption of maintenance therapy against previous infection with four common HIV-associated opportunistic pathogens during potent antiretroviral therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine 137(4): 239-250, 2002.

Koletar SL et al. Prevention of opportunistic infections other than Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin (AZ) prophylaxis in subjects with increases in CD4 cells on antiretroviral therapy (ART) - preliminary results. Seventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, abstract 242, 2000.

Koletar SL et al. Azithromycin as treatment for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43(12): 2869-2872, 1999.

Kolonoski PT et al. Therapeutic efficacy of WIN 57273 (WIN) and sparfloxacin (SPA) for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in beige mice. 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, abstract 1247, 1990.

Mary-Krause M et al. [Mycobacterium avium complex disease in HIV seropositive patients: incidence and risk factors before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatments. Clinical Epidemiology Group of the Information and Care Center for Human Immunodeficiency]. Pathologie Biologie (Paris) 48(5): 495-504, 2000.

May T et al. Comparison of combination therapy regimens for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with disseminated bacteremia due to Mycobacterium avium. ANRS Trial 033 Curavium Group. Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida. Clinical Infectious Diseases 25(3): 621-629, 1997.

Montecalvo MA et al. Colonisation of potable water with Mycobacterium avium complex in homes of HIV-infected patients (letter). Lancet 343: 1639, 1994.

Moore RD et al. Survival analysis of two controlled trials of rifabutin prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS. AIDS 9: 1337-1342, 1995.

Nightingale SD et al. Incidence of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1165: 1082-1085, 1992.

Nightingale SD et al. Liposome-encapsulated gentamicin treatment of Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex bacteremia in AIDS patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 37(9): 1869-1872, 1993a.

Nightingale SD et al. Two controlled trials of rifabutin prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex infection in AIDS. New England Journal of Medicine 329(12): 828-833, 1993b.

Oldfield EC et al. Once weekly azithromycin therapy for prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with AIDS: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases 26(3): 611-619, 1998.

Parenti D et al. A phase II/III trial of antimicrobial therapy with or without amikacin in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 135 Study Team. AIDS 12(18): 2439-2446, 1998.

Phillips P et al. Azithromycin prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: evaluation of a provincial program. Clinical Infectious Diseases 34(3): 371-378, 2002.

Pierce M et al. A randomized trial of clarithromycin prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 335(6): 384-391, 1996.

Shafran SD et al. A comparison of two regimens for the treatment of MAC-bacteraemia in AIDS: rifabutin, ethambutol and clarithromycin versus rifampin, ethambutol, clofazimine and ciprofloxacin. New England Journal of Medicine 335(6): 337-383, 1996.

Revicki DA et al. Evaluating the quality of life associated with rifabutin prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex in persons with AIDS: combining Q-TWiST and multiattribute utility techniques. Quality of Life Research 4(4): 309-318, 1995.

Rossi M et al. Disseminated M. avium complex infection in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: declining incidence, improved prognosis and discontinuation of maintenance therapy. Swiss Medical Weekly131(31-32): 471-477, 2001.

Singer J et al. Predictors of survival and eradication of Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia (MAC) in AIDS patients in the Canadian randomized MAC treatment trial. AIDS 13(5): 575-582, 1999.

Squires KE et al. Interferon-gamma treatment for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex baccilemia in patients with AIDS. Journal of Infectious Diseases 166(3): 686, 1992.

US Public Health Service/Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus, 2001. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/guidelines.htm

Volpe F et al. Oral manifestations of disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in a patient with AIDS. Oral Surgery 60: 567,1985.

von Reyn CF et al. Persistent colonisation of potable water as a source of Mycobacterium avium infection in AIDS. Lancet 343: 1137-1141, 1994.

von Reyn CF et al. Sources of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in AIDS. Journal of Infection 44(3): 166-170, 2002.

Young LS et al. Azithromycin for treatment of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection in patients with AIDS. Lancet 338: 1107-1109, 1991.

Zeller V et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection and toxoplasmic encephalitis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 34(5): 662-7, 2002.