Antinori A et al. Antiretroviral drugs penetrating CSF do not influence neurocognitive performance in HIV-1 -infected patients responders to HAART. Eleventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, abstract 508, 2004.

Arendt G et al. Stavudine stops neuro-AIDS in AZT-non-responders. 12th World AIDS Conference, Geneva, abstract 32207, 1998.

Baldeweg T et al. Kaposi's sarcoma and protection from HIV dementia. Science 280(5362):361-362, 1998.

Baldeweg T et al. Long-term zidovudine reduces neurocognitive deficits in HIV-1 infection. AIDS 9:589-596, 1995.

Baldewicz TT et al. Changes in neuropsychological functioning with progression of HIV-1 infection: results of an 8-year longitudinal investigation. AIDS Behav 8: 345-355, 2004.

Becker JT et al. Prevalence of cognitive disorders differs as a function of age in HIV virus infection. AIDS 18: S11-S18, 2004.

Belec L et al. Prevention of HIV encephalitis using substitutive therapy with didanosine. Fifth European Conference on Clinical Aspects and Treatment of HIV Infection, Copenhagen, abstract 480, 1995.

Bouwman FH et al. Variable progression of HIV-associated dementia. Neurology 50(6):1814-1820, 1998.

Brana C et al. A soluble factor produced by macrophages mediates the neurotoxic effects of HIV-1 tat in vitro. AIDS 13(12):1443-1452, 1999.

Brew BJ et al. Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with AIDS dementia stage. Journal of Infectious Diseases 175(4):963-966, 1997.

Brodt HR et al. Changing incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses in the era of antiretroviral combination therapy. AIDS 11(14):1731-1738, 1997.

Brouwers P et al. Effect of continuous-infusion zidovudine therapy on neuropsychologic functioning in children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Pediatrics 117:980-985, 1990.

Boven LA et al. Increased peroxynitrite activity in AIDS dementia complex: implications for the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. Journal of Immunology 162(7):4319-4327, 1999.

Chang L et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy reverses brain metabolite abnormalities in mild HIV dementia. Neurology 53:782, 1999.

Cherner M et al. Effects of HIV-1 infection and aging on neurobehavioral functioning: preliminary findings. AIDS 18: S27-S34, 2004.

Childs EA et al. Plasma viral load and CD4 lymphocytes predict HIV-associated dementia and sensory neuropathy. Neurology 52(3):607, 1999.

Cornelisse P et al. The impact of zidovudine on dementia-free survival in a population of HIV-positive men and women on antiretroviral therapy. International Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases AIDS 11(1):52-56, 2000.

Dore GJ et al. Changes to AIDS dementia complex in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 13(10):1249-1253, 1999.

Dore GJ et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on individual AIDS-defining illness incidence and survival in Australia. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 29(4):388-395, 2002.

Dougherty RH et al. Progression of HIV-associated dementia treated with HAART. AIDS Reader 12(2):69-74, 2002.

Eberly LE et al. Kaposi's sarcoma and central nervous system disease: a real association or an artifact of the control group? AIDS 14(8):995-1000, 2000.

Ensoli F et al. Inflammatory cytokines and HIV-1-associated neurodegeneration: oncostatin-M produced by mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected individuals induces apoptosis of primary neurons. Journal of Immunology 162(10):6268-6277, 1999.

Ferrando S et al. Highly active anti-retroviral treatment in HIV infection: benefits for neuropsychological function. AIDS 12(8): F65-F70, 1998.

Gendelman HE et al. Suppression of inflammatory neurotoxins by highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Journal of Infectious Diseases 178(4):1000-1007, 1998.

Gisolf GH et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA during treatment with ritonavir/saquinavir or ritonavir/saquinavir/stavudine. AIDS 14(11):1583-1589, 2000.

Herning RI et al. Antiviral medications improve cerebrovascular perfusion in HIV+ non-drug users and HIV+ cocaine abusers. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 939:405-12, 2001.

Heseltine PN et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of peptide T for HIV-associated cognitive impairment. Archives of Neurology 55(1):41-51, 1998.

Ives NJ et al. The changing pattern of AIDS-defining illnesses with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)in a London clinic. Journal of Infectious Diseases 42(2):134-139, 2001.

Karlsen NR et al. A follow-up study of neuropsychological function in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients. Acta Neurol Scand 87: 83-87, 1993.

Kusdra L et al. Changes in monocyte/macrophage neurotoxicity in the era of HAART: implications for HIV-associated dementia. AIDS 16(1):31-8, 2002.

Lanier ER et al. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequence in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AIDS dementia complex treated with abacavir. AIDS 15(6):747-51, 2001.

Letendre SL et al. Change in CSF HIV RNA level correlates with the effects of maximal antiretroviral therapy on HIV associated neurocognitive disorder. Twelfth World AIDS Conference, Geneva, abstract 32198, 1998.

Letendre SL et al. Cerebrospinal fluid B chemokine concentrations in neurocognitively impaired individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Journal of Infectious Diseases 180(2):310-319, 1999.

Letendre SL et al. Enhancing antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus cognitive disorders. Ann Neurol 56: 416-423, 2004.

Lorenzini P et al. HAART modified risk of HIV dementia associated to increasing age. Eleventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, abstract 489, 2004.

Maschke M et al. Incidence and prevalence of neurological disorders associated with HIV since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69(3):376-380, 2000.

McArthur J. Low prevalence of neurological and neuropsychological abnormalities in otherwise healthy HIV-1-infected individuals: Results from the Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study. Annals of Neurology 26:601-611, 1989.

Miller RG et al. Neuropsychological performance in HIV-1-infected homosexual men: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology 40:197-203, 1990.

Nath A et al. Acceleration of HIV dementia with methamphetamine and cocaine.

Journal of Neurovirology 7(1):66-71, 2001.

Portegies P. Declining incidence of AIDS dementia complex after introduction of zidovudine treatment. British Medical Journal 299(6703):819-821, 1989.

Power C et al. Progress in clinical neurosciences: the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection: host-virus interaction and the impact of therapy. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 29(1):19-32, 2002.

Robertson K et al. Neurological functioning and CNS penetrating antiretroviral regimens. Eleventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, abstract 501, 2004.

Sacktor NC et al. Combination antiretroviral therapy improves psychomotor speed performance in HIV-seropositive homosexual men. Neurology 52(8):1640, 1999.

Sacktor N et al. Transdermal selegiline in HIV-associated cognitive impairment: pilot, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 2000(54):233, 2000.

Sacktor N et al. HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990-1998. Neurology 56(2):257-260, 2001.

Sacktor N et al. CSF antiretroviral drug penetrance and the treatment of HIV-associated psychomotor slowing. Neurology 57:542-544, 2001b.

Sacktor N et al. HIV-associated cognitive impairment before and after the advent of combination therapy. Journal of Neurovirology 8(2):136-142, 2002.

Samuelsson K et al. The nervous system in early HIV infection: a prospective study through 7 years. Eur J Neurol 13: 283-291, 2006.

Schifitto G et al. Randomized trial of the platelet-activating factor antagonist lexipafant in HIV-associated cognitive impairment. Neurology 53(2): 1999.

Schmitt FA et al. Neuropsychological outcome of zidovudine (AZT) treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. New England Journal of Medicine 319(24):1573-1578 , 1988.

Shapshak P et al. Independent evolution of HIV type 1 in different brain regions. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 15(9):811-820, 1999.

Sidtis JJ et al. Zidovudine treatment of the AIDS dementia complex: results of a placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Neurology 33(4):343-349, 1993.

Skolnick A. Protease inhibitors may reduce AIDS dementia. Journal of the American Medical Association 279:419, 1998.

Spencer DC et al. Human immunodeficiency virus and the central nervous system. Annual Rev Micro 46:655-693, 1992.

Stahle L et al. Indinavir in cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-1 infected patients. Lancet 35(9094):1823, 1997.

Stankoff B et al. Clinical and spectroscopic improvement in HIV-associated cognitive impairment. Neurology 56(1):112, 2001.

Stern Y et al. Factors associated with incident human immunodeficiency virus-dementia. Archives of Neurology 58(3):473-479, 2001.

Stover E et al. CNS aspects of HIV-1 infection and AIDS in infants and children: a collaborative research agenda. Pediatric AIDS and HIV Infection 1:109-119, 1990.

Tashima TK et al. Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suppression and efavirenz drug concentrations in HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases 180(3):862-864, 1999.

Tozzi V et al. Effects of zidovudine in 30 patients with mild to end-stage AIDS dementia complex. AIDS 7:683-692, 1993.

Tozzi V et al. Positive and sustained effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1-associated neurocognitive impairment. AIDS 13(14):1889-1897, 1999.

Tozzi V et al. Neurocognitive impairment and survival in HIV-positive patients treated with HAART: results from an urban observational cohort. Eleventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, abstract 507, 2004.

Vago L et al. Pathological findings in the central nervous system of AIDS patients on assumed antiretroviral therapeutic regimens: retrospective study of 1597 autopsies. AIDS 16(14):1925-1928, 2002.

Valcour VG et al. Cognitive impairment in older HIV-1-seropositive individuals: prevalence and potential mechanisms. AIDS 18: 379-386, 2004a.

Valcour V et al. Higher frequency of dementia in older HIV-1 individuals: the Hawaii Aging with HIV-1 Cohort. Neurology 63: 822-827, 2004b.

von Giesen JH et al. Therapeutic effects of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on the central nervous system in HIV-1-infected patients. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 29(4):363-7, 2002.

Wolters P et al. The effects of ddI on the cognitive functioning of children with HIV infection after 6 and 10 months of treatment. Seventh International Conference on AIDS, Florence, abstract WB 2051, 1991.

Yarchoan R et al. Long term toxicity/activity profile of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Lancet 336:526-529, 1990.

Zhang L et al. Cocaine opens the blood-brain barrier to HIV-1 invasion. Journal of Neurovirology 4:619-626, 1998.