Ethambutol hydrochloride is an approved anti-mycobacterial antibiotic used in combination with other drugs for treating tuberculosis. It is also being tested in combination with other drugs as a treatment for Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI). It comes in tablets.

Ethambutol’s side-effects can include inflammation of the optic nerve, decreased or distorted vision, rash and fever. People who develop sight abnormalities while taking ethambutol should stop taking the drug immediately and contact their doctor urgently.

Ethambutol does not interact with any currently available protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). However, HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis may have levels of ethambutol that are lower than expected^[1]. Monitoring drug levels in the blood is advised.

Ethambutol is manufactured by Lederle under the trade names Myambutol and Mynah.