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Key points

  • Thanks to antiretroviral treatment, many people with HIV now have a normal life expectancy.
  • You’ll get the most benefit from your treatment if you take it at the right time and in the right way. This is often called adherence.
  • Missing doses or not taking doses correctly can lead to your HIV becoming drug resistant.
  • Everyone taking HIV treatment should be offered support and advice with adherence.
  • Keeping a diary, using a pill box, or setting an alarm, might help you to take your treatment.
  • Resistance tests will be used to help choose the best drug combination for you.

This booklet provides basic information about how HIV treatment works, what taking it involves and how to manage it in your life.

You’ll get the most benefit from your treatment if you take each dose at the right time, in the right way (often described as ‘adherence’). The booklet gives some advice to help you to do this and explains what can happen if doses are missed, including drug resistance.

This booklet is not intended to replace discussion with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. But it can be a starting point for those discussions.

Download the booklet

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Taking you HIV treatment
Keith Alcorn

Keith Alcorn

Editorial Consultant

Keith joined the editorial team of the National AIDS Manual (NAM) in 1991, launched the aidsmap website in 1998 and was the Senior Editor of NAM and aidsmap until 2018. He now contributes news and conference reports as a freelancer.

Roger Pebody

Roger Pebody

Commissioning Editor

Roger joined aidsmap in 2008 and was Managing Editor from 2018 to 2024. As a freelancer, he now edits aidsmap’s news and conference coverage, as well as working on updates to About HIV pages. He is also a contributing science editor for TheBodyPro, a freelance journalist for The Lancet HIV, and a medical writer helping researchers prepare articles for peer-reviewed journals. He began working on HIV at Gay Men Fighting AIDS in the mid-1990s.

Basic information

How treatment works

How treatment works

Taking drugs on time

Taking drugs on time

HIV and the immune system

HIV and the immune system

What should I do if I throw up after taking my HIV meds?

If I change HIV treatment and find that I don’t like my new meds, can I go back to the old ones?

How long will it take for HIV to develop resistance to my medications?

A to Z of antiretroviral medications

Antiretroviral drug chart

Antiretroviral drug chart

Blood tests before starting or changing HIV treatment

A close up of a person's arm while they are having their blood taken. The person taking the blood is wearing surgical gloves. We can see some of the blood is already in the tube.

Starting HIV treatment

Pill in hand

Adherence to HIV treatment

Image: Domizia Salusest | www.domiziasalusest.com

Side-effects of HIV treatment

An older man sitting in a chair with a blanket over his knees. He's resting his head on his hand.

Allergic reactions to HIV medications

Photoroyalty/Shutterstock.com

Food requirements for anti-HIV medications

People sit outside at a table with a close up of a hand with pills in it.

Interactions between HIV medication and recreational drugs

Two syringes, powder and spoon on old wooden background.

What happens to HIV drugs in the body, and do missed doses matter?

Mareike Günsche | www.aspect-us.com

HIV treatment breaks

A white pill bottle is tipped over with white pills spilling out on to a table.