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If a woman has HIV, it is possible
for it to be passed on to her baby during pregnancy or delivery or through
breastfeeding. For this reason,...
From:Booklets
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Antiretroviral drugs are
used during pregnancy as an effective means of preventing the transmission of
HIV from a mother to her baby. Increasingly, evidence suggests that HIV
treatment...
From:Booklets
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Lots of people with HIV have had babies without passing on the infection. To do so, you need some help from your doctor.If you are...
From:The basics
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There are three case-reports of possible transmission in
which an HIV-positive caregiver has frequently pre-chewed food before giving
it to the child. In two of three cases,...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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...
From:Factsheets
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Treatment options for pregnant women, including the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, as well as choices surrounding delivery and breast-feeding....
From:HIV treatments directory
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The right to refuse
medical tests and treatment, and how this applies to adults without mental
capacity, pregnant women, children and young people....
From:Social & legal issues for people with HIV
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The type of regimen chosen will vary according to the woman's situation, including the state of her health, her viral load and CD4 count, and what...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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A number of studies have looked at the best time for a pregnant, HIV-positive woman to start treatment. The guiding principle for regimen choice is to...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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Antiretroviral therapy can reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This was first demonstrated with AZT (zidovudine, Retrovir) and has since been done using...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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The decision to avoid breastfeeding may be a very difficult one. The Department of Health's guidelines HIV and Infant Feeding recognise that: “In communities where breastfeeding...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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The longer the period for which an infant is breastfed, the
greater the risk of HIV transmission. A meta-analysis of nine major studies of
mother-to-child HIV transmission...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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In the UK,
as in other developed-world countries, where safe infant feeding alternatives
are available (and free for women in need), women with HIV are strongly advised
against...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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The effect of antiretroviral therapy at the time of delivery is discussed later in the chapter.
A planned caesarean section, conducted before labour has started and before...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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HIV-positive women who wish to become pregnant may be advised to choose to conceive at a time when viral load is likely to be low,...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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There are more than 20 drugs currently licensed for specific treatment of HIV infection in the UK. AZT (zidovudine, Retrovir) is the only one specifically indicated...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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Where a woman does not yet require HIV treatment for her own health, a short-term combination of drugs can be prescribed during pregnancy to reduce...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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Women may require additional support with remaining adherent to their HIV treatment during pregnancy, and especially in the period after giving birth. Adherence levels have...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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Good antenatal care is important for any woman expecting a baby. For women with HIV, it is essential, in order to maximise the chances of...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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During the
first 14 weeks of pregnancy, the foetus is most vulnerable to any toxic effects
of drugs.
Combination
therapy is now more widely used by pregnant women...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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The first evidence that HIV could be transmitted via breast
milk was a case report of the child of a previously healthy woman who was
delivered by...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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A
large proportion of mother-to-child transmission events occur during delivery (in
medical language, ‘intrapartum’) as the infant passes through the birth canal
and is exposed to maternal blood...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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HIV transmission during pregnancy (in medical language, ‘in
utero’) is known to occur because:
Terminated pre-term
foetuses up to eight weeks old have...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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Transmission of any infectious matter (including HIV) depends upon three factors:
How infectious it is
How efficient the route of transmission is
How vulnerable the potential 'recipient' is
Factors...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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In the absence of any intervention, an HIV-positive woman
has a 30 to 45% chance of transmitting the virus to her baby.
Approximately 5 to 10% of...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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HIV
can pass from an HIV-positive mother to her child:During pregnancy – the foetus
is infected by HIV crossing the placenta.During childbirth – the...
From:HIV transmission & testing
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Taking anti-HIV drugs can dramatically reduce the risk of you passing on HIV to your baby.
There are two different ways in which these drugs...
From:namlife.org
Get set for HIV treatmentA tool to help you decide whether you are ready to start taking HIV treatment.
HIV, GPs & other primary careThis booklet explains the services GPs offer, how this fits with HIV specialist care, and how to make the most of primary care services.
Treatment as prevention – free webinar 20 March 2013As
part of its European HIV prevention work, NAM is collaborating...
Microbicides research – free webinar 22 February 2013As
part of its European HIV prevention work, NAM is collaborating...
HIV treatment update – Winter 2013 21 February 2013The new edition of HIV treatment update (HTU) is on...