Some tests give a straightforward result, such as showing the presence of an infection. But others need to be looked at in combination with other aspects of your health and lifestyle.

Many blood tests have a ‘normal’ or ‘standard’ range of results. It’s important to remember that ‘normal’ can vary depending on a whole range of factors, including age, weight, gender, time of day the test is performed, and test method. The ‘normal’ range gives an indication of the results that would typically be seen in the general population. A small proportion of people in the general population may have results outside this range, even if they have no underlying health problems. If your test result is outside the normal range, it may only mean that it would be a good idea to investigate further.

Your doctor will always look at your results based on you as an individual and take your characteristics and situation into account in deciding what to do next. Sometimes that might simply be to repeat the test, or watch and wait for any further change. 

There are two key blood tests that monitor how HIV is affecting you.

Your CD4 cell count gives an indication of the health of your immune system.

Your viral load measures how much HIV there is in your blood.

Looking at the results of these tests will help you and your doctor make important decisions, such as when to start HIV treatment, and to monitor how well your anti-HIV drugs are working.